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Abelmoschus esculentus
(Linn.)Moench.
Synonym Hibiscus esculentus Linn.
Family Malvaceae.



Habitat Native to tropical Africa;
cultivated throughout India, up to
, m.
English Gumbo, Lady Finger, Okra.
Ayurvedic Bhaandi, Bhindaka,
Bhendaa.
Unani Baamiyaa.
Siddha/Tamil Vendai.
Folk Bhindi, Raamturai.
Action Immature pods (decoction)—
emollient, demulcent and
diuretic (in catarrhal affections,
ardor urine, dysuria, dysentery).
Seeds—antispasmodic.
Fatty fraction of the fresh watery extract
of the seeds causes destruction
of cancerous cell growth in vitro. The
pods are reported to exhibit antitumour
activity. An ethanolic extract
of pods was effective against Grampositive
bacteria.
The ripe fruits contain quercetin,
hyperin (hyperoside), hydrolysate of
precipitated mucilage, proanthocyanidins,
D-glucose, D-glucuronic and
galacturonic acids.
Fresh flowers contain flavonol glycosides
and anthocyanins.
Abies pindrow Royle.
Synonym A. pindrow Spach.
A. webbiana Lindl. var. pindrow
Brandis.
Pinus pindrow Royle.
Family Pinaceae.
Habitat Kashmir, Himachal
Pradesh, Tehri-Garhwal and other
areas of northern India, at altitudes
of ,–, m.
English Pindrow-Fir, Silver-Fir, The
West-Himalayan Low-Level Fir.
Ayurvedic Taalisha (related sp.).
Folk Badar, Morinda, Raisalla,
Ransla.
Action Uses similar to those of A.
webbiana.
Terpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides
and steroids of the leaf were found
to have mast cell stabilizing action in
rats. Terpenoids and flavonoids offered
bronchoprotection against histamine
challenge in guinea pigs. The
ulcer protective action of petroleum
ether, benzene and chloroform fraction
has been attributed to steroidal
contents. Terephthalic acid demethyl
ester (TADE), isolated from the leaf,
exhibited protection against inflammation
and bronchospasmin guinea pigs.
Ethanolic extract of leaves showed significant
anxiolytic effects on all the
paradigms of anxiety, barbiturate hypnosis
potentiation.
Pindrolactone, a lanostane-based
triterpene lactone, isolated from the
A
2 Abies webbiana Lindl.
leaves, showed mild activity against
Gram-positive bacteria but exhibited
potent antibacterial activity against
Gram-negative bacteria E. coli.
Abies webbiana Lindl.
Synonym A. spectabilis (D. Don)
Spach.
Pinus webbiana Wall.
Family Pinaceae.
Habitat The Himalayas from
Kashmir to Assam at altitudes of
,–, m.
English Indian Silver Fir, The
West-Himalayan High-Level Fir,
The East-Himalayan Fir.
Ayurvedic Taalisa, Taalisapatra,
Taalisha, Patraadhya, Dhaatriparni,
Dhaatripatra.
Unani Taalisapattar.
Siddha/Tamil Taalispatri.
Folk Badar, Chilrow, Morinda,
Raisalla, Taalispatra. (Tallispatra,
Taalispatri and Talespattre are
also equated with the leaves of
Cinnamomum tamala Nees.)
Action Expectorant, bronchial sedative,
decongestant, anticatarrhal,
antiseptic, carminative.
Key application Fir (Abies alba
Miller) needle oil—in catarrhal illness
of upper and lower respiratory
tract (internally and externally);
externally in rheumatic and neuralgic
pains. Contraindicated in
bronchial asthma and whooping
cough. (German Commission E.)
A biflavonoid, abiesin, n-triacontanol,
beta-sitosterol and betuloside are
present in the leaves.
The essential oil from leaves contains
alpha-pinene, l-limonene, deltacarene,
dipentene, l-bornyl acetate and
l-cardinene as major constituents.
Dosage Needles—– g powder.
(API Vol. IV.)
Abroma augusta Jacq.
Synonym Ambroma augusta
Linn. f.
Family Sterculiaceae.
Habitat Throughout the hotter and
moister parts of India, from Punjab
and Uttar Pradesh, eastwards
to Arunachal Pradesh, Assam,
Meghalaya and Tripura, ascending
to ,m, southwards in Peninsular
India.
English Perennial Indian Hemp,
Devil’s Cotton.
Ayurvedic Pishaacha Kaarpaasa,
Pivari.
Unani Ulat-kambal.
Siddha/Tamil Sivapputtuti.
Folk Kumal, Sanukapaasi.
Action Rootbark—emmenagogue
(used for dysmenorrhoea,
amenorrhoea), abortifacient, galactotrophic.
The root contains abromine (betaine),
friedelin, abromasterol, abromasterol
A, choline, beta-sitosterol,
stigmasterol and octacosanol. Leaves,
reported to be useful in treating uterine
A
Abutilon indicum Linn. Sweet. 3
disorders, contain taraxerol, its acetate
and lupeol.
Dosage Leaf juice—– ml.
Rootbark powder—– g. (CCRAS.)